We have seen how the five Pandavas and Draupadi went to live in the palace of king Virata under their assumed names. That story is covered in a chapter called the entry of Pandavas (Pandava Pravesa Parvam).
The first three months of their stay in the land of the Matsyas were rather uneventful. All the six of them played their respective roles well and thus established their presence in the palace. They used to meet secretly among themselves regularly and exchange news. Their identity was kept in complete secrecy.
A wrestling match
A few wrestlers came to the palace during their forth month of stay. They were professionals with an unbeaten record. They challenged all in the assembly of king Virata to dare face any one of them in wrestling. None came forward, in spite of the repeated prompting by king Virata. It was a shame for a king like him to let the challenge go unopposed.
Finally, the king turned to Valala as he was well built and apparently strong. Bhima was reluctant in the beginning. In order not to disappoint his host, he finally came forward. There was a long battle of strength ad tactics between him and the leader of the visiting wrestlers. Finally, Bhima managed to win over his opponent and thus save the reputation of the Matsya king.
The chapter called the ticking off of time (Samaya Palana Parvam) ends with this short episode.
We next turn to www.kunjunny.blogspot.com for the story of a Brahmin who learnt valuable lessons from people of the lower rung of the society.
Friday, March 30, 2007
Tuesday, March 27, 2007
Journey into hiding
The Pandavas decided to remain in the kingdom of Virata during their year of stay in disguise. They discussed among themselves and decided what role each would take. They also chose two different names for each, one to the outside world and the other for the secret exchange of news among themselves.
It was agreed that Dhaumya would stay in the Panchala kingdom of Draupadi’s father during that time. The chief priest gave valuable advices to the Pandavas for their life in hiding in an alien land. The Pandavas took the blessing of all the Brahmins and of Dhaymya and left for the Matsya kingdom.
Safe deposit of weapons
They could not take their weapons with them. Many, like the Gandiva of Arjuna, would let out their secret too easily. They found a suitable tree on the way which had a copse hanging from one of its branches. Nakula secured all their weapons on a high branch, hidden from the view of the passers by. The copse would, anyway, scare people away.
The second life
Yudhishthira first went to Virata as a Brahmin with the name of Kanka. The senior Pandava had a problem. Truthfulness was his life’s motto. He had to conceal the truth to remain anonymous and, yet, avoid telling a lie. So, everything he said of himself in his assumed role was true in one sense.
King Virata was highly impressed, even from a distance, looking at the visitor who was coming to him. The guest was dressed like Brahmin, but, looked more like an eminent king. All the people in the assembly of the Matsya king thought that a great dignitary was paying them a visit.
Virata welcomed his guest and spoke. “You appear as a Brahmin. Tell me all about yourself and about your ancestry”. It was the custom in ancient days to know about people from their lineage.
Yudhishthira said that he was a Brahmin (Dwija) who had lost all that he possessed by misfortune. The word, meaning twice born, was applicable even to the ruling class, though normally used for Brahmins. Vyaghrapada was his distinguished ancestor. There was a famous sage by that name. The word was also used as an epithet of Dharmaraja, the father of Yudhishthira.
The Brahmin had a bag hanging from his shoulder which carried a variety of dice. He said that he would entertain the king playing various games with him. Virata asked him many questions and decided that the Brahmin was a welcome guest in his assembly.
A new cook in the palace
Within a day or two of the arrival of the Brahmin Virata found someone walking with firm steps towards his palace. He carried a ladle and a knife along with him. The king sent his attendants to bring the visitor to his presence to know more about him. When asked who he was, Bhima introduced himself as Valala, an expert cook. He would do all menial jobs like cutting and bringing firewood from nearby forests and cook excellent dishes for the king. Virata liked the appearance of the new cook and decided to try him.
The new maid
Draupadi entered next wearing soiled clothes. She called herself Malini who worked as a maid (Sairandhri). She asked for a meeting with the queen of Matsya, Sudeshna by name.
The queen was surprised to find a new comer with such extraordinary good looks. Malini introduced herself to the queen and said that she did odd jobs for a living. She was skilled in making cosmetics and could attend upon the queen. She would work with dedication and please the queen with hard work.
But, Sudeshna was hesitant. How could she have such a beautiful maid in her palace and keep young men at bay? She would not trust her own husband, if he ever set his eyes on the maid.
Malini replied with all humility. “Queen, have no worry on that count. I have five Gandharvas as lovers who keep a constant watch over me. They would protect me from all dangers”.
If that was the case, Sudeshna was very happy to have such a pleasant woman as her maid.
Entry of a cowherd
Sahadeva came next to the king of Matsya. He was dressed like a cowherd and called himself Arishtanemi. He said that he had looked after the cattle of the Pandavas while they ruled their kingdom. Now, bad times had befallen them and they have all disappeared without any trace. He has been without a proper job ever since. He knew everything about cows and oxen and would look after the cattle of Virata to his best.
The Matsya king owned one hundred thousand heads of cattle. He did not have any dedicated keeper for them with any expertise. So, Virata employed Arishtanemi in his barns.
Brihannala, the eunuch
The master disguise was employed by Arjuna. He decided to use the curse from the celestial damsel, Urvasi, during his life in disguise. Urvasi had cursed Arjuna to become a eunuch for turning down her amourous advances to him. The curse was later reduced to last one year, that too, at the will of the Pandava. Arjuna had been trained in music and dances by the Gandharva, Chitrasena, during his stay in heaven as suggested by Indra.
Arjuna decided to turn the curse to his advantage now (hence, the saying, “Urvasee Saapam Upakaaram”, meaning the curse of Urvasi became a blessing). He made elaborate make ups to appear like a woman as is the custom of the bisexuals.
He called himself Brihannala. Brihannala entered the palace of Virata and introduced herself as a eunuch willing to teach the princesses singing and dancing. She would also entertain the ladies in the harem by performing. Virata had a daughter by name Uttaraa (and a son with the same name, Uttara). Brihannala was employed to teach music and dances to princess Uttaraa.
The skilled stockman
One of those days, king Virata noticed a stranger with good looks closely observing his horses. The king was curious and went to the visitor asking who he was. Nakula replied. “King, my name is Granthika. I know all about horses and make a living by looking after them. I was inspecting the ones with excellent breed among your stock”.
Virata was impressed and employed Granthika to take care of his horses.
That was how the Pandavas started their year of stay in hiding in the land of Matsyas. Next, we go into the story of the “learned man with eight bends on his body (Ashtavakra)” in www.kunjunny.blogspot.com and return to know more about the Pandavas.
It was agreed that Dhaumya would stay in the Panchala kingdom of Draupadi’s father during that time. The chief priest gave valuable advices to the Pandavas for their life in hiding in an alien land. The Pandavas took the blessing of all the Brahmins and of Dhaymya and left for the Matsya kingdom.
Safe deposit of weapons
They could not take their weapons with them. Many, like the Gandiva of Arjuna, would let out their secret too easily. They found a suitable tree on the way which had a copse hanging from one of its branches. Nakula secured all their weapons on a high branch, hidden from the view of the passers by. The copse would, anyway, scare people away.
The second life
Yudhishthira first went to Virata as a Brahmin with the name of Kanka. The senior Pandava had a problem. Truthfulness was his life’s motto. He had to conceal the truth to remain anonymous and, yet, avoid telling a lie. So, everything he said of himself in his assumed role was true in one sense.
King Virata was highly impressed, even from a distance, looking at the visitor who was coming to him. The guest was dressed like Brahmin, but, looked more like an eminent king. All the people in the assembly of the Matsya king thought that a great dignitary was paying them a visit.
Virata welcomed his guest and spoke. “You appear as a Brahmin. Tell me all about yourself and about your ancestry”. It was the custom in ancient days to know about people from their lineage.
Yudhishthira said that he was a Brahmin (Dwija) who had lost all that he possessed by misfortune. The word, meaning twice born, was applicable even to the ruling class, though normally used for Brahmins. Vyaghrapada was his distinguished ancestor. There was a famous sage by that name. The word was also used as an epithet of Dharmaraja, the father of Yudhishthira.
The Brahmin had a bag hanging from his shoulder which carried a variety of dice. He said that he would entertain the king playing various games with him. Virata asked him many questions and decided that the Brahmin was a welcome guest in his assembly.
A new cook in the palace
Within a day or two of the arrival of the Brahmin Virata found someone walking with firm steps towards his palace. He carried a ladle and a knife along with him. The king sent his attendants to bring the visitor to his presence to know more about him. When asked who he was, Bhima introduced himself as Valala, an expert cook. He would do all menial jobs like cutting and bringing firewood from nearby forests and cook excellent dishes for the king. Virata liked the appearance of the new cook and decided to try him.
The new maid
Draupadi entered next wearing soiled clothes. She called herself Malini who worked as a maid (Sairandhri). She asked for a meeting with the queen of Matsya, Sudeshna by name.
The queen was surprised to find a new comer with such extraordinary good looks. Malini introduced herself to the queen and said that she did odd jobs for a living. She was skilled in making cosmetics and could attend upon the queen. She would work with dedication and please the queen with hard work.
But, Sudeshna was hesitant. How could she have such a beautiful maid in her palace and keep young men at bay? She would not trust her own husband, if he ever set his eyes on the maid.
Malini replied with all humility. “Queen, have no worry on that count. I have five Gandharvas as lovers who keep a constant watch over me. They would protect me from all dangers”.
If that was the case, Sudeshna was very happy to have such a pleasant woman as her maid.
Entry of a cowherd
Sahadeva came next to the king of Matsya. He was dressed like a cowherd and called himself Arishtanemi. He said that he had looked after the cattle of the Pandavas while they ruled their kingdom. Now, bad times had befallen them and they have all disappeared without any trace. He has been without a proper job ever since. He knew everything about cows and oxen and would look after the cattle of Virata to his best.
The Matsya king owned one hundred thousand heads of cattle. He did not have any dedicated keeper for them with any expertise. So, Virata employed Arishtanemi in his barns.
Brihannala, the eunuch
The master disguise was employed by Arjuna. He decided to use the curse from the celestial damsel, Urvasi, during his life in disguise. Urvasi had cursed Arjuna to become a eunuch for turning down her amourous advances to him. The curse was later reduced to last one year, that too, at the will of the Pandava. Arjuna had been trained in music and dances by the Gandharva, Chitrasena, during his stay in heaven as suggested by Indra.
Arjuna decided to turn the curse to his advantage now (hence, the saying, “Urvasee Saapam Upakaaram”, meaning the curse of Urvasi became a blessing). He made elaborate make ups to appear like a woman as is the custom of the bisexuals.
He called himself Brihannala. Brihannala entered the palace of Virata and introduced herself as a eunuch willing to teach the princesses singing and dancing. She would also entertain the ladies in the harem by performing. Virata had a daughter by name Uttaraa (and a son with the same name, Uttara). Brihannala was employed to teach music and dances to princess Uttaraa.
The skilled stockman
One of those days, king Virata noticed a stranger with good looks closely observing his horses. The king was curious and went to the visitor asking who he was. Nakula replied. “King, my name is Granthika. I know all about horses and make a living by looking after them. I was inspecting the ones with excellent breed among your stock”.
Virata was impressed and employed Granthika to take care of his horses.
That was how the Pandavas started their year of stay in hiding in the land of Matsyas. Next, we go into the story of the “learned man with eight bends on his body (Ashtavakra)” in www.kunjunny.blogspot.com and return to know more about the Pandavas.
Saturday, March 24, 2007
Start of life in disguise
The Pandavas had completed twelve years of exile in various forests. They had to spend another year in disguise, without revealing their identity. Duryodhana was sure to send spies to all the kingdoms near and far to look for the Pandavas in every nook and corner. If they were discovered, the Pandavas would have to spend another twelve years in exile and yet another year incognito.
Where could they live in complete secrecy? Yudhishthira discussed various options with his brothers. The Matsya kingdom ruled by king Virata was found to be the best option for them.
We shall start the episode after going through a small story from the earlier book in www.kunjunny.blogspot.com
Where could they live in complete secrecy? Yudhishthira discussed various options with his brothers. The Matsya kingdom ruled by king Virata was found to be the best option for them.
We shall start the episode after going through a small story from the earlier book in www.kunjunny.blogspot.com
Wednesday, March 21, 2007
Test of wisdom
(There is reference to a type of wood called Arani in this chapter. It was widely used in ancient times to ceremonially generate fire in rituals. Two barks of the hard Arani are grinded against each other producing sparks. The practice is being followed even these days in Yajnas)
To catch a thief
The Pandavas were shaken by their experience in the last episode when their dear wife was taken by force by the Sindhu king, Jayadratha. They felt uncomfortable continuing their stay in the Kamyaka forest and moved again back into the Dwaita.
One day a Brahmin approached them for help there. He had hung his Arani barks on the branches of a tree near his hermitage. They got stuck on the horns of an antelope as it was rubbing itself against the tree. When the Brahmin tried to recover them the antelope ran away. He requested the Pandavas to get them for him.
All kings took it their duty to help Brahmins and protect their rituals. The Pandavas wasted no time to go after the animal. They found the antelope at a distance and gave it a hot chase. When they got near enough, the animal somehow disappeared again. Soon, they got tired and were extremely thirsty chasing the animal under scorching sun.
Water beyond reach
Yudhishthira asked Nakula to search for some source of water. Nakula climbed a tree and looked around. He could see a lake not far away and reported the matter to his brother. Yudhishthira sent him to get some water in his quiver.
Nakula was away for long, but, there was no trace of him or the water. So, Yudhishthira sent Sahadeva after his brother. Even after a long while the two sons of Madri did not return. Then, Arjuna and lastly Bhima were sent. None of them returned even after a long wait.
Yudhishthira was worried. Something definitely would have gone wrong. His thirst was by then unbearable. He started himself after his missing brothers and towards the mysterious lake. He found all his brothers on the shores of the lake, apparently dead.
Yudhishthira wanted to quench his thirst first before finding out what went wrong with his brothers, and entered the lake. Then he heard a voice. “Do not act rashly. Note, what happened to your brothers, because they did not listen to my warning. This lake belongs to me. If you drink its water before answering my questions satisfactorily, you shall die”.
Yudhishthira cautious
The senior Pandava looked at his brothers carefully. There were no wounds on their body. If they are all dead, then there is definitely some mystery. It was better to be cautious.
So, Yudhishthira turned to the voice though he could not see any body. He said. “You may ask me your questions. I shall answer them as best as I can. First, tell me who you are”.
Dialogue with Yaksha
The voice said. “I am a Yaksha and I am the one who caused the death of your brothers”. Then, Yudhishthira could see a huge form materialize in front of his eyes. The Yaksha, then started asking a series of questions. They were all esoteric in nature. Yudhishthira, apparently, understood the philosophic content of each and replied all to the satisfaction of the Yaksha.
For example, the very first question was “who supports the sun and who are all his followers? What causes the sun to set, and what sustains it?” Yudhishthira’s reply was, “Brahma, the ultimate god causes the sun to rise and the other gods are his followers. It is righteousness (Dharma) that causes the sun to set. It is sustained by Truth”.
Some of the questions were more like modern day riddles. One such question was, “what is weightier than earth and what is loftier than the sky? What travels faster than the wind and what reaches even each blade of grass?” The reply was, “mother, father, mind and thought”.
The first to live
Yudhishthira answered all the questions to the satisfaction of the Yaksha. He said that he was pleased. He would bring one of the Pandavas back alive. Whom would Yudhishthira choose? Yudhishthira reflected for a moment and opted for the life of Nakula. The Yaksha asked, why. Yudhishthira said. “My mother, anyway, has me as son whereas my stepmother, Madri, would have none otherwise”. The Yaksha was pleased with the sense of righteousness in the choice and made all the four Pandavas alive.
Yudhishthira, then, asked the Yaksha. “You do not sound like an ordinary Yaksha. Please tell me who you are”.
The god of death in person
The Yaksha replied that he was the god of death (and also of righteousness or Dharma and hence called Yama and Dharmaraja) . He was the father of Yudhishthira. He came to meet his son in person and to bless him.
The Dharmaraja asked Yudhishthira to choose any boon. Yudhishthira wanted help to recover the pair of Arani barks. Dharmaraja said. “It was I who carried them away as an antelope. Here they are. You may return them to the Brahmin. You may choose another boon”.
Yudhishthira said that he and his brothers have just completed twelve years in the forest. Now, they have to spend one year in disguise without letting out their identity. He needed the blessing of the god to make that happen. Dharmaraja granted Yudhishthira accordingly. Then, he offered a third boon. Yudhishthira wished that he could have control over all human weaknesses like lust and greed and desired that his mind always rested in truth and charity. That was also granted and the god disappeared at the very next instant.
The chapter called “story of the Aranis or the Aaraneya Parvam” and the book of life in forest “Vana Parvam” ends here.
(We start the life incognito of the Pandavas from the next episode. We may alternate the main story with the sub-stories of the last few chapters which we have left behind in www.kunjunny.blogspot.com henceforth)
To catch a thief
The Pandavas were shaken by their experience in the last episode when their dear wife was taken by force by the Sindhu king, Jayadratha. They felt uncomfortable continuing their stay in the Kamyaka forest and moved again back into the Dwaita.
One day a Brahmin approached them for help there. He had hung his Arani barks on the branches of a tree near his hermitage. They got stuck on the horns of an antelope as it was rubbing itself against the tree. When the Brahmin tried to recover them the antelope ran away. He requested the Pandavas to get them for him.
All kings took it their duty to help Brahmins and protect their rituals. The Pandavas wasted no time to go after the animal. They found the antelope at a distance and gave it a hot chase. When they got near enough, the animal somehow disappeared again. Soon, they got tired and were extremely thirsty chasing the animal under scorching sun.
Water beyond reach
Yudhishthira asked Nakula to search for some source of water. Nakula climbed a tree and looked around. He could see a lake not far away and reported the matter to his brother. Yudhishthira sent him to get some water in his quiver.
Nakula was away for long, but, there was no trace of him or the water. So, Yudhishthira sent Sahadeva after his brother. Even after a long while the two sons of Madri did not return. Then, Arjuna and lastly Bhima were sent. None of them returned even after a long wait.
Yudhishthira was worried. Something definitely would have gone wrong. His thirst was by then unbearable. He started himself after his missing brothers and towards the mysterious lake. He found all his brothers on the shores of the lake, apparently dead.
Yudhishthira wanted to quench his thirst first before finding out what went wrong with his brothers, and entered the lake. Then he heard a voice. “Do not act rashly. Note, what happened to your brothers, because they did not listen to my warning. This lake belongs to me. If you drink its water before answering my questions satisfactorily, you shall die”.
Yudhishthira cautious
The senior Pandava looked at his brothers carefully. There were no wounds on their body. If they are all dead, then there is definitely some mystery. It was better to be cautious.
So, Yudhishthira turned to the voice though he could not see any body. He said. “You may ask me your questions. I shall answer them as best as I can. First, tell me who you are”.
Dialogue with Yaksha
The voice said. “I am a Yaksha and I am the one who caused the death of your brothers”. Then, Yudhishthira could see a huge form materialize in front of his eyes. The Yaksha, then started asking a series of questions. They were all esoteric in nature. Yudhishthira, apparently, understood the philosophic content of each and replied all to the satisfaction of the Yaksha.
For example, the very first question was “who supports the sun and who are all his followers? What causes the sun to set, and what sustains it?” Yudhishthira’s reply was, “Brahma, the ultimate god causes the sun to rise and the other gods are his followers. It is righteousness (Dharma) that causes the sun to set. It is sustained by Truth”.
Some of the questions were more like modern day riddles. One such question was, “what is weightier than earth and what is loftier than the sky? What travels faster than the wind and what reaches even each blade of grass?” The reply was, “mother, father, mind and thought”.
The first to live
Yudhishthira answered all the questions to the satisfaction of the Yaksha. He said that he was pleased. He would bring one of the Pandavas back alive. Whom would Yudhishthira choose? Yudhishthira reflected for a moment and opted for the life of Nakula. The Yaksha asked, why. Yudhishthira said. “My mother, anyway, has me as son whereas my stepmother, Madri, would have none otherwise”. The Yaksha was pleased with the sense of righteousness in the choice and made all the four Pandavas alive.
Yudhishthira, then, asked the Yaksha. “You do not sound like an ordinary Yaksha. Please tell me who you are”.
The god of death in person
The Yaksha replied that he was the god of death (and also of righteousness or Dharma and hence called Yama and Dharmaraja) . He was the father of Yudhishthira. He came to meet his son in person and to bless him.
The Dharmaraja asked Yudhishthira to choose any boon. Yudhishthira wanted help to recover the pair of Arani barks. Dharmaraja said. “It was I who carried them away as an antelope. Here they are. You may return them to the Brahmin. You may choose another boon”.
Yudhishthira said that he and his brothers have just completed twelve years in the forest. Now, they have to spend one year in disguise without letting out their identity. He needed the blessing of the god to make that happen. Dharmaraja granted Yudhishthira accordingly. Then, he offered a third boon. Yudhishthira wished that he could have control over all human weaknesses like lust and greed and desired that his mind always rested in truth and charity. That was also granted and the god disappeared at the very next instant.
The chapter called “story of the Aranis or the Aaraneya Parvam” and the book of life in forest “Vana Parvam” ends here.
(We start the life incognito of the Pandavas from the next episode. We may alternate the main story with the sub-stories of the last few chapters which we have left behind in www.kunjunny.blogspot.com henceforth)
Tuesday, March 20, 2007
Draupadi abducted
Jayadratha
It is time that we get to know a great warrior by name Jayadratha. One of the most memorable battles in the Mahabharata war involved this king on one side. He was the powerful ruler of the Sindhu kingdom (and hence, addressed often as Saindhava) and had married Dussala, the only sister of the one hundred Kaurava princes. He was one of the suitors of Daupadi at the Swayamvara.
Jayadratha enamoured by Draupadi
The Pandavas were living in the Dwaita forest. One day Draupadi was moving alone in the forest near the place where the Pandavas lived. Yudhishthira and his brothers were all away hunting. King Jayadratha happened to pass that way and noticed Draupadi. The queen of Pandavas appeared so beautiful to the Sindhu king that he stopped his chariot immediately, at a distance. He was love struck and decided that he would not leave without Draupadi at any cost.
Jayadratha wanted to try the peaceful ways first. He sent his friend, the king of Trigarta by name Kotikasya as envoy.
Kotikasya confronted Draupadi and introduced himself. He started describing the merits of Jayadratha and tried to impress on the Panchala princess how life as the Saindhava queen would be so much better as compared to her suffering in the Dwaita forest.
Draupadi politely turned down the request. She, then, started describing how great her husbands were. It was meant to be a message for Jayadratha that he better moved out of the forest before they returned.
Jayadratha arrives
Kotikasya returned to Jayadratha and reported that he tried his best to persuade Draupadi. But, she was devoted to her husbands and would not even entertain thoughts of any other.
Then, Jayadratha decided to come in person and talk to her. He tried various ways to impress Draupadi, but, without success. Then, in a surprising move he pulled her into his chariot and drove off.
The Pandava priest, Dhaumya and a woman attendant of Draupadi were the only ones around. Dhaumya tried running after the chariot demanding the release of the Pandava queen. The maid remained on the scene crying.
The Pandavas sense trouble
Yudhishthira suddenly observed bad omens while hunting and told his brothers that there was possibly trouble at home. Their thoughts turned to their wife who was left behind alone in their hut. They hurried back home and found the maid crying. Learning about the tragedy they all rushed in the direction pointed out by the maid.
They found Dhaumya on the way. The Pandava priest pointed to the Saindhava army marching away at a distance. The Pandavas wasted no time and dispatched swift arrows challenging Jayadratha. The Sindhu king did not think much about the Pandavas without an army and proper equipment and ordered his men to thwart the attack coming from behind. But, they were no match to the power of Bhima’s club and Arjuna’s unfailing arrows. The Pandavas made short work of most of the Saindhava army in no time and were ready to meet Jayadratha face to face.
Bhma and Arjuna thought that the two of them could easily handle Jayadratha. They asked his brothers to return with their priest. Yudhishthira agreed, but, asked his brothers to spare the life of Jayadratha. He did not want his cousin sister, Dussala, made a widow just then.
Jayadratha flees
But, Jayadratha thought it better to avoid a direct confrontation. His single aim at that time was to get Draupadi. There was not much point in wasting time on fights when most of his men were killed. Jayadratha decided to escape from the scene with Draupadi. He asked his charioteer to hurry. Arjuna observed the move made by the Sindhu king and sent arrows directed at the horses. The horses fell down dead and Jayadratha was stuck where he was. Bhima jumped into the chariot and caught hold of Jayadratha by the hair. He was about to chop the head of the Sindhu king. Arjuna prevented him. They saved Draupadi from the clutches of the Saindhava and took him to their elder brother.
Yudhishthira maintained that the king’s life must be spared. So, Bhima shaved the head of Jayadratha in an insulting manner and released him
Jayadratha on a revenge mission
The king of Sindhu felt humiliated. Instead of returning to his land he remained in a nearby forest doing penance. He meditated on Lord Siva for his blessings. Lord Siva appeared after some days and asked Jayadratha to choose a boon. Jayadratha wanted the god’s blessing so that he could defeat all the Pandavas in battle. Lord Siva said. “I grant you the boon that you will defeat all the Pandavas, except Arjuna. I have given him the formidable Pasupata and many other divine weapons. There is no way that I can grant you the power to defeat Arjuna. But, you shall win over the others in war”. So saying, the Lord disappeared. Jarasandha returned home satisfied.
Two chapters are covered in this episode with titles “the capture of Draupadi (Draupadeeharana Parvam)” and “the release of Jayadratha (Jayadratha Vimoksha Parvam)”.
The next chapter is on the story of Ramayanam in some detail as told by sage Markandeya earlier. We may attempt that after completing Mahabharata. This is followed by the famous story of Satyavan and Savitry which also we keep aside for the time being. Then, the story of Lord Indra getting the armours of Karna which was part of his body at birth is told. We have briefly covered that earlier.
The only remaining chapter of our current book, before the Pandavas go into their stay incognito, will be covered in the next episode.
It is time that we get to know a great warrior by name Jayadratha. One of the most memorable battles in the Mahabharata war involved this king on one side. He was the powerful ruler of the Sindhu kingdom (and hence, addressed often as Saindhava) and had married Dussala, the only sister of the one hundred Kaurava princes. He was one of the suitors of Daupadi at the Swayamvara.
Jayadratha enamoured by Draupadi
The Pandavas were living in the Dwaita forest. One day Draupadi was moving alone in the forest near the place where the Pandavas lived. Yudhishthira and his brothers were all away hunting. King Jayadratha happened to pass that way and noticed Draupadi. The queen of Pandavas appeared so beautiful to the Sindhu king that he stopped his chariot immediately, at a distance. He was love struck and decided that he would not leave without Draupadi at any cost.
Jayadratha wanted to try the peaceful ways first. He sent his friend, the king of Trigarta by name Kotikasya as envoy.
Kotikasya confronted Draupadi and introduced himself. He started describing the merits of Jayadratha and tried to impress on the Panchala princess how life as the Saindhava queen would be so much better as compared to her suffering in the Dwaita forest.
Draupadi politely turned down the request. She, then, started describing how great her husbands were. It was meant to be a message for Jayadratha that he better moved out of the forest before they returned.
Jayadratha arrives
Kotikasya returned to Jayadratha and reported that he tried his best to persuade Draupadi. But, she was devoted to her husbands and would not even entertain thoughts of any other.
Then, Jayadratha decided to come in person and talk to her. He tried various ways to impress Draupadi, but, without success. Then, in a surprising move he pulled her into his chariot and drove off.
The Pandava priest, Dhaumya and a woman attendant of Draupadi were the only ones around. Dhaumya tried running after the chariot demanding the release of the Pandava queen. The maid remained on the scene crying.
The Pandavas sense trouble
Yudhishthira suddenly observed bad omens while hunting and told his brothers that there was possibly trouble at home. Their thoughts turned to their wife who was left behind alone in their hut. They hurried back home and found the maid crying. Learning about the tragedy they all rushed in the direction pointed out by the maid.
They found Dhaumya on the way. The Pandava priest pointed to the Saindhava army marching away at a distance. The Pandavas wasted no time and dispatched swift arrows challenging Jayadratha. The Sindhu king did not think much about the Pandavas without an army and proper equipment and ordered his men to thwart the attack coming from behind. But, they were no match to the power of Bhima’s club and Arjuna’s unfailing arrows. The Pandavas made short work of most of the Saindhava army in no time and were ready to meet Jayadratha face to face.
Bhma and Arjuna thought that the two of them could easily handle Jayadratha. They asked his brothers to return with their priest. Yudhishthira agreed, but, asked his brothers to spare the life of Jayadratha. He did not want his cousin sister, Dussala, made a widow just then.
Jayadratha flees
But, Jayadratha thought it better to avoid a direct confrontation. His single aim at that time was to get Draupadi. There was not much point in wasting time on fights when most of his men were killed. Jayadratha decided to escape from the scene with Draupadi. He asked his charioteer to hurry. Arjuna observed the move made by the Sindhu king and sent arrows directed at the horses. The horses fell down dead and Jayadratha was stuck where he was. Bhima jumped into the chariot and caught hold of Jayadratha by the hair. He was about to chop the head of the Sindhu king. Arjuna prevented him. They saved Draupadi from the clutches of the Saindhava and took him to their elder brother.
Yudhishthira maintained that the king’s life must be spared. So, Bhima shaved the head of Jayadratha in an insulting manner and released him
Jayadratha on a revenge mission
The king of Sindhu felt humiliated. Instead of returning to his land he remained in a nearby forest doing penance. He meditated on Lord Siva for his blessings. Lord Siva appeared after some days and asked Jayadratha to choose a boon. Jayadratha wanted the god’s blessing so that he could defeat all the Pandavas in battle. Lord Siva said. “I grant you the boon that you will defeat all the Pandavas, except Arjuna. I have given him the formidable Pasupata and many other divine weapons. There is no way that I can grant you the power to defeat Arjuna. But, you shall win over the others in war”. So saying, the Lord disappeared. Jarasandha returned home satisfied.
Two chapters are covered in this episode with titles “the capture of Draupadi (Draupadeeharana Parvam)” and “the release of Jayadratha (Jayadratha Vimoksha Parvam)”.
The next chapter is on the story of Ramayanam in some detail as told by sage Markandeya earlier. We may attempt that after completing Mahabharata. This is followed by the famous story of Satyavan and Savitry which also we keep aside for the time being. Then, the story of Lord Indra getting the armours of Karna which was part of his body at birth is told. We have briefly covered that earlier.
The only remaining chapter of our current book, before the Pandavas go into their stay incognito, will be covered in the next episode.
Monday, March 19, 2007
Draupadi in trouble
We have learnt about sage Durvasa earlier. It is said that he often moved about with ten thousand disciples. It was in such a large group that he once visited Duryodhana. The Kaurava welcomed his guest cordially. Excellent arrangements were made for the stay and a separate kitchen was set up to feed the visitors.
Durvasa often behaved highly whimsically. He suddenly would announce that he was hungry and food should be served immediately. When the sage was hungry, so were his followers! The army of servants at the disposal of the sage immediately would start the ordeal of cooking and feeding the huge gathering of holy men.
The sage could change his mind the moment food was ready. He would announce that he was not hungry any more. Then, all the food that was cooked would go waste. There was no way of knowing when Durvasa would ask for food. But, Duryodhana took excellent care of the sage with his eccentricities.
Durvasa was extremely pleased. He asked Duryodhana what he wished by way of a boon.
The boon
Duryodhana replied politely to the sage. “Sir, you have been kind enough to bless me and and the Kauravas through your visit. I have only one wish to make. My cousins, the Pandavas, are living in the Kamyaka forest. Please bestow your kindness on them, too”.
Duryodhana, then, added after a pause. “If it pleases you, make your visit when they are properly resting after all of them, including Draupadi, finish eating”. Sage Durvasa was touched by the concern Duryodhana showed for his cousins and promised that he would do exactly as he was asked.
Draupadi in distress
Soon after that, Draupadi had an unexpected army of holy men lead by sage Durvasa as visitors. The sage declared as soon as he arrived that he was hungry and that he was going to have his bath in the near by river. He expected food to be served on return.
Draupadi was extremely worried. She had eaten after she served her normal guests and husbands. So, the special gift of utensil with unlimited supply of food became empty. There was not even a grain of rice in stock. What could she do? The sage was known for his volatile temper. He was sure to curse her, if she did not feed him on his return.
Krishna to rescue
Draupadi could think of none other than Krishna who could save her from the situation. She started praying to him in earnest.
It took no time for Krishna to sense that his help was being sought and he appeared in front of the Pandavas immediately. He announced on arrival “Krishna (Draupadi), I am starving. Give me something to eat!”
Draupadi, naturally, thought that he was teasing her. She replied. “My Lord, you know very well that we have all finished eating and nothing remains in the vessel after I eat. Please do not torment me like this”.
But, Krishna would not leave her alone. He said. “I do not believe you. Bring the vessel you got from the Sun god”. When the vessel was brought he inspected it closely. It is said that Krishna found a tiny piece cooked vegetable sticking to the brim of the vessel. He said. “You said that this is empty, but, look what I found”. So saying, he ate the piece of food and belched, in satisfaction.
Durvasa in a fix
That was the exact time when the Maharshi and his men had dipped inside the river water. When he rose he felt that he was full as though he has had a heavy meal just then. That was how his men felt, too. The sage was worried that he had ordered meal to be cooked for himself and his disciples. He was so full that he could not think of eating anything more. Durvasa was afraid that the Pandavas would not be too pleased, if he refused food. They were the best friends of Krishna who was sure to be offended, if he upset the Pandavas. For once, the sage feared that he was going to be at the receiving end. The best way out, he thought, was to get out without facing the Pandavas. So, Durvasa and his followers made a quick exit from the forest.
That was how the Pandavas were saved from the wrath of Durvasa by Krishna. Thus, Duryodhana’s carefully crafted plan did not bear fruit.
Durvasa often behaved highly whimsically. He suddenly would announce that he was hungry and food should be served immediately. When the sage was hungry, so were his followers! The army of servants at the disposal of the sage immediately would start the ordeal of cooking and feeding the huge gathering of holy men.
The sage could change his mind the moment food was ready. He would announce that he was not hungry any more. Then, all the food that was cooked would go waste. There was no way of knowing when Durvasa would ask for food. But, Duryodhana took excellent care of the sage with his eccentricities.
Durvasa was extremely pleased. He asked Duryodhana what he wished by way of a boon.
The boon
Duryodhana replied politely to the sage. “Sir, you have been kind enough to bless me and and the Kauravas through your visit. I have only one wish to make. My cousins, the Pandavas, are living in the Kamyaka forest. Please bestow your kindness on them, too”.
Duryodhana, then, added after a pause. “If it pleases you, make your visit when they are properly resting after all of them, including Draupadi, finish eating”. Sage Durvasa was touched by the concern Duryodhana showed for his cousins and promised that he would do exactly as he was asked.
Draupadi in distress
Soon after that, Draupadi had an unexpected army of holy men lead by sage Durvasa as visitors. The sage declared as soon as he arrived that he was hungry and that he was going to have his bath in the near by river. He expected food to be served on return.
Draupadi was extremely worried. She had eaten after she served her normal guests and husbands. So, the special gift of utensil with unlimited supply of food became empty. There was not even a grain of rice in stock. What could she do? The sage was known for his volatile temper. He was sure to curse her, if she did not feed him on his return.
Krishna to rescue
Draupadi could think of none other than Krishna who could save her from the situation. She started praying to him in earnest.
It took no time for Krishna to sense that his help was being sought and he appeared in front of the Pandavas immediately. He announced on arrival “Krishna (Draupadi), I am starving. Give me something to eat!”
Draupadi, naturally, thought that he was teasing her. She replied. “My Lord, you know very well that we have all finished eating and nothing remains in the vessel after I eat. Please do not torment me like this”.
But, Krishna would not leave her alone. He said. “I do not believe you. Bring the vessel you got from the Sun god”. When the vessel was brought he inspected it closely. It is said that Krishna found a tiny piece cooked vegetable sticking to the brim of the vessel. He said. “You said that this is empty, but, look what I found”. So saying, he ate the piece of food and belched, in satisfaction.
Durvasa in a fix
That was the exact time when the Maharshi and his men had dipped inside the river water. When he rose he felt that he was full as though he has had a heavy meal just then. That was how his men felt, too. The sage was worried that he had ordered meal to be cooked for himself and his disciples. He was so full that he could not think of eating anything more. Durvasa was afraid that the Pandavas would not be too pleased, if he refused food. They were the best friends of Krishna who was sure to be offended, if he upset the Pandavas. For once, the sage feared that he was going to be at the receiving end. The best way out, he thought, was to get out without facing the Pandavas. So, Durvasa and his followers made a quick exit from the forest.
That was how the Pandavas were saved from the wrath of Durvasa by Krishna. Thus, Duryodhana’s carefully crafted plan did not bear fruit.
Sunday, March 18, 2007
Yudhishthira worries
Introduction
We have already encountered sage Durvasa earlier. He was the one who gave Kunti, the mother of the Pandavas, the five Mantras to get children. He caused Sakuntala to suffer by making her lover to forget all about her. He appears in a story in this episode. We shall meet him again in the next chapter, too. This sage is famous for his short temper. He is also easily pleased.
Vyasa has an extremely short chapter immediately after the Kauravas’ adventure in the Dwaita forest. It is titled “animals in dream (Mruga Swapnodbhava Parvam)”.
Yudhishthira had a dream one day while in that forest. Animals there came in a group and expressed their fear of extinction because of the Pandavas. They were causing large scale reduction in their numbers and destruction of their source of food. The animals in dream pleaded with Yudhishthira to go elsewhere.
Yudhishthira realized that the animals had a point. Hunting in large scale was taking place all around. The Pandava took pity on the animals and decided to move out and get back to the Kamyaka from where they had entered the Dwaita forest earlier.
The chapter ends here.
The story of Mudgala
Yudhishthira was disheartened after suffering in forests for long eleven years. There was another year to go. Then, they had to spend yet another year in hiding. How would they manage? The Pandava prince was in a dejected mood.
It was then that Vedavyasa appeared, as though reading his mind. Vyasa assured Yudhishthira that they would finish their thirteen years in exile successfully. Then, the Pandava would rule his vast empire for long years in an exemplary manner. The secret of success, according to the sage, in the remaining year was to adhere to the strict code of ascetics and face hardships with a happy mind.
He gave the example of an ascetic by name Mudgala who lived in the forests of Kurukshetra. He adhered to the two difficult disciplines followed in advanced stage of meditation. One is called Unchavrutti where the ascetic eats only what he can collect from the grains laid waste in fields after harvesting. The second is known as Kapotavrutti, which is the habit of pigeons. Those birds are said to have a hand to mouth existence, never storing anything for the next day.
Mudgala lived strictly following those principles. One day sage Durvasa came and asked for food. Mugdala had spent days in fasting. It was the day for him to break his fast with the small measure of paddy he collected that day. But, he gladly served the sage with whatever he had and went without food for the next few days. He was again going to eat when Durvasa appeared on the scene and begged for food. Mudgala did not hesitate to serve his share of food to his guest that day also. This apparent test on the tolerance of sage Mudgala was repeated several times. Mudgala remained unshaken in his resolve every time.
Sage Durvasa was extremely pleased with his host. He blessed Mudgala with a place heaven immediately.
But, when the messenger of god came to take Mudgala the sage asked him about life in heaven. The envoy replied. “Life is great there. There is no sorrow. You enjoy the result of your good deeds there. But, you do not earn additional merits while in heaven. Hence, the moment you exhaust your account you fall back on earth for further cycles of life and death”.
Sage Mudgala then politely told his visitor.” In that case I do not desire heaven. Let me continue the way I live now and earn salvation to a world from where I do not have to return”.
Sage Vyasa asked Yudhishthira to remain contended and face hardships with courage. So saying he left the place assuring the Pandavas of better days ahead for them.
The chapter with the tile “a measure of paddy (Vreehee Draunika Parvam)”ends here.
We have already encountered sage Durvasa earlier. He was the one who gave Kunti, the mother of the Pandavas, the five Mantras to get children. He caused Sakuntala to suffer by making her lover to forget all about her. He appears in a story in this episode. We shall meet him again in the next chapter, too. This sage is famous for his short temper. He is also easily pleased.
Vyasa has an extremely short chapter immediately after the Kauravas’ adventure in the Dwaita forest. It is titled “animals in dream (Mruga Swapnodbhava Parvam)”.
Yudhishthira had a dream one day while in that forest. Animals there came in a group and expressed their fear of extinction because of the Pandavas. They were causing large scale reduction in their numbers and destruction of their source of food. The animals in dream pleaded with Yudhishthira to go elsewhere.
Yudhishthira realized that the animals had a point. Hunting in large scale was taking place all around. The Pandava took pity on the animals and decided to move out and get back to the Kamyaka from where they had entered the Dwaita forest earlier.
The chapter ends here.
The story of Mudgala
Yudhishthira was disheartened after suffering in forests for long eleven years. There was another year to go. Then, they had to spend yet another year in hiding. How would they manage? The Pandava prince was in a dejected mood.
It was then that Vedavyasa appeared, as though reading his mind. Vyasa assured Yudhishthira that they would finish their thirteen years in exile successfully. Then, the Pandava would rule his vast empire for long years in an exemplary manner. The secret of success, according to the sage, in the remaining year was to adhere to the strict code of ascetics and face hardships with a happy mind.
He gave the example of an ascetic by name Mudgala who lived in the forests of Kurukshetra. He adhered to the two difficult disciplines followed in advanced stage of meditation. One is called Unchavrutti where the ascetic eats only what he can collect from the grains laid waste in fields after harvesting. The second is known as Kapotavrutti, which is the habit of pigeons. Those birds are said to have a hand to mouth existence, never storing anything for the next day.
Mudgala lived strictly following those principles. One day sage Durvasa came and asked for food. Mugdala had spent days in fasting. It was the day for him to break his fast with the small measure of paddy he collected that day. But, he gladly served the sage with whatever he had and went without food for the next few days. He was again going to eat when Durvasa appeared on the scene and begged for food. Mudgala did not hesitate to serve his share of food to his guest that day also. This apparent test on the tolerance of sage Mudgala was repeated several times. Mudgala remained unshaken in his resolve every time.
Sage Durvasa was extremely pleased with his host. He blessed Mudgala with a place heaven immediately.
But, when the messenger of god came to take Mudgala the sage asked him about life in heaven. The envoy replied. “Life is great there. There is no sorrow. You enjoy the result of your good deeds there. But, you do not earn additional merits while in heaven. Hence, the moment you exhaust your account you fall back on earth for further cycles of life and death”.
Sage Mudgala then politely told his visitor.” In that case I do not desire heaven. Let me continue the way I live now and earn salvation to a world from where I do not have to return”.
Sage Vyasa asked Yudhishthira to remain contended and face hardships with courage. So saying he left the place assuring the Pandavas of better days ahead for them.
The chapter with the tile “a measure of paddy (Vreehee Draunika Parvam)”ends here.
Friday, March 16, 2007
A new lease of life for Duryodhana
The defeat by the Gandharvas was a big blow for Duryodhana. What was worse was that he was tied up as a slave in front of his wife and other ladies of the Kaurava palace. He received the last blow to his hurt ego when he was finally rescued by the Pandavas. Duryodhana decided that he would not return to the palace after this. He announced to his associates that he was determined to end his life. He would stop eating until death with immediate effect.
Dussasa was in tears hearing the tragic words from his dear brother. He pleaded with Duryodhana without success. Then, he declared that he would follow his brother to death.
Karna consoles
Karna has been the best friend of the Kaurava prince all along. He tried his best to boost the ego of Duyodhana. He spoke. “You faced the Gandharvas boldly like a warrior when even I had to flee from the battle field”.
Duryodhana thought that Karna was not aware of the whole truth. He replied. “How can I to forget that I was bound as captive and it took the Pandavas to fight for my release? Do you know what Arjuna said to the Gandharva king? He said that when we face each other they are five and we are one hundred. But, when attacked by some one else, we are one hundred and five!” (An often quoted quote)
Karna tried to console his friend further. “Winning and losing are all part of the game. It was the duty of the Pandavas as the subjects to come to the aid of their king in time of danger”.But, Duryodhana was beyond consolation.
Sakuni also tried his best to inspire his nephew. He said that all his efforts to win the entire kingdom from the Pandavas on his behalf would go waste. Duryodhana should forget about the past and enjoy the riches now.
Fast unto death
Duryodhana’s grief was such that no words would pacify him. He was determined to end his life. The Kaurava prince bathed in the nearby river and changed to ascetic attire. He, then, sat down on grass spread on earth and was ready to die. Dussasana also did likewise.
Help from the world below
The demons living in the world below had considered the Kauravas, all along, as their friends. Krishna was their arch enemy who sided with the Pandavas in his heart. So were other gods like Indra. They hoped to take revenge on the gods through the Kauravas. Now the events have taken the wrong turn.
So, they sent a demon to Duryodhana and took him by force to their abode underground. They pacified the Kaurava in various ways. They assured him that the Kauravas were sure to win the war against the Pandavas. The only formidable one on the Pandava side was Arjuna. But, Karna had sworn that he would kill Arjuna and he was more than a match for the Pandava. Great warriors like Bhishma and Drona were all on the Kaurava side. The demons would send their irresistible army to help them. So, the ultimate victory was definitely with Duryodhana. He would then live for hundred years in glory.
These words had the desired effect on the Kaurava. By the time Duryodhana was taken back to the Dwaita forest the Kaurava prince was his former self with his ambition restored. .
The Kauravas return to their palace
Duryodhana soon returned to Hastinapura along with his brothers and associates. The offer of help from underworld gave him new ambitious plans. He declared that he wanted to perform a Rajasooya as was done by Yudhishthira. Karna and Sakuni liked the idea. Karna promised that he would win over all kings in the four directions all by himself. It had taken four of the Pandavas, including the formidable Bhima and valiant Arjuna to accomplish the same task.
Karna received the blessing of the senior Kauravas and started on his victory march soon after. True to his word, he won over all the kingdoms single handedly and made them to accept the suzerainty of Duryodhana.
But, the Brahmins who were invited to perform the Rajasooya ritual objected on one count. It was wrong for Duryodhana to perform Rajasooya while his elder brother, Yudhishthira, was alive. Instead, they suggested, another Yajna by name Vaishnava which was equally significant, but, much rarer. Only Lord Vishnu had performed that before. Karna consoled Duryodhana saying that his wish would come true after all the Pandavas in killed in war.
The great ritual, Vaishnava Yajna, was performed in a grand way. Everyone hailed the achievement of Duryodhana and declared him to be an emperor with unrivalled power.
Vyasa thus ends the chapter titled “the march to inspect cattle (Ghosha Yatra Parvam)”.
Dussasa was in tears hearing the tragic words from his dear brother. He pleaded with Duryodhana without success. Then, he declared that he would follow his brother to death.
Karna consoles
Karna has been the best friend of the Kaurava prince all along. He tried his best to boost the ego of Duyodhana. He spoke. “You faced the Gandharvas boldly like a warrior when even I had to flee from the battle field”.
Duryodhana thought that Karna was not aware of the whole truth. He replied. “How can I to forget that I was bound as captive and it took the Pandavas to fight for my release? Do you know what Arjuna said to the Gandharva king? He said that when we face each other they are five and we are one hundred. But, when attacked by some one else, we are one hundred and five!” (An often quoted quote)
Karna tried to console his friend further. “Winning and losing are all part of the game. It was the duty of the Pandavas as the subjects to come to the aid of their king in time of danger”.But, Duryodhana was beyond consolation.
Sakuni also tried his best to inspire his nephew. He said that all his efforts to win the entire kingdom from the Pandavas on his behalf would go waste. Duryodhana should forget about the past and enjoy the riches now.
Fast unto death
Duryodhana’s grief was such that no words would pacify him. He was determined to end his life. The Kaurava prince bathed in the nearby river and changed to ascetic attire. He, then, sat down on grass spread on earth and was ready to die. Dussasana also did likewise.
Help from the world below
The demons living in the world below had considered the Kauravas, all along, as their friends. Krishna was their arch enemy who sided with the Pandavas in his heart. So were other gods like Indra. They hoped to take revenge on the gods through the Kauravas. Now the events have taken the wrong turn.
So, they sent a demon to Duryodhana and took him by force to their abode underground. They pacified the Kaurava in various ways. They assured him that the Kauravas were sure to win the war against the Pandavas. The only formidable one on the Pandava side was Arjuna. But, Karna had sworn that he would kill Arjuna and he was more than a match for the Pandava. Great warriors like Bhishma and Drona were all on the Kaurava side. The demons would send their irresistible army to help them. So, the ultimate victory was definitely with Duryodhana. He would then live for hundred years in glory.
These words had the desired effect on the Kaurava. By the time Duryodhana was taken back to the Dwaita forest the Kaurava prince was his former self with his ambition restored. .
The Kauravas return to their palace
Duryodhana soon returned to Hastinapura along with his brothers and associates. The offer of help from underworld gave him new ambitious plans. He declared that he wanted to perform a Rajasooya as was done by Yudhishthira. Karna and Sakuni liked the idea. Karna promised that he would win over all kings in the four directions all by himself. It had taken four of the Pandavas, including the formidable Bhima and valiant Arjuna to accomplish the same task.
Karna received the blessing of the senior Kauravas and started on his victory march soon after. True to his word, he won over all the kingdoms single handedly and made them to accept the suzerainty of Duryodhana.
But, the Brahmins who were invited to perform the Rajasooya ritual objected on one count. It was wrong for Duryodhana to perform Rajasooya while his elder brother, Yudhishthira, was alive. Instead, they suggested, another Yajna by name Vaishnava which was equally significant, but, much rarer. Only Lord Vishnu had performed that before. Karna consoled Duryodhana saying that his wish would come true after all the Pandavas in killed in war.
The great ritual, Vaishnava Yajna, was performed in a grand way. Everyone hailed the achievement of Duryodhana and declared him to be an emperor with unrivalled power.
Vyasa thus ends the chapter titled “the march to inspect cattle (Ghosha Yatra Parvam)”.
Thursday, March 15, 2007
In the pretext of inspecting cattle wealth
The Kaurava king, Dhritarashtra, had a Brahmin visitor one day who happened to meet the Pandavas in the forest. The Brahmin felt very sorry to find the Pandava princes suffering in exile. He reported their pitiable condition to the Kaurava seer. Dhritarashtra was moved hearing about his nephews. He lamented about the turn of events and was worried thinking of the impending danger ahead.
Sakuni happened to overhear the conversation. He thought of a plan that was sure to appeal to his nephew, Duryodhana. He took Karna into confidence and the two went to Duryodhana.
The joy of watching the enemies suffer
They spoke. “The Pandavas are currently in the Dwaita forest. Years of exile have reduced them into a pathetic condition. Why not pay them a visit and see for yourself how they live?”
What they hinted was that the Kauravas should go with a lot of fanfare and show off their wealth and luxurious life style to the Pandavas who were living like beggars. The idea found the immediate approval of the pompous Duryodhana. Nothing would boost his ego better than hurting the feelings of the Pandavas. But, he also knew that his father would turn the request down outright.
Karna thought of a way out. The Kauravas owned a lot of cattle which was looked after by cowherds in all parts of their vast kingdom. Why not plead to the king for a tour of inspection to the Dwaita forest and make sure that the cattle there were well looked after and properly accounted for?
Dhritarashtra could not refuse such a request. But, he warned his son. ”I understand that the Pandavas live in the Dwaita forest. Do not go anywhere near them at any cost”. Duryodhana agreed to that.
A march to show off
The Kauravas started in a big group. Most of the Kuru princes and their wives joined the party. Beautifully decorated chariots carried the princes and their spouses. Thousands of soldiers, armed for any eventuality, accompanied them. It was like the entire palace marching toward the forest.
The Kauravas made an appearance of inspecting their cattle first. Having done that, they got into their main business. The servants were asked to make beautiful shelters near the lake in the Dwaita forest. The Kauravas then started hunting in a big way in the forest.
Encounter with Gandharvas
That lake belonged to the demon (Gandharva) by name Chitrasena. The keepers of the lake objected to the entry of humans into their territory without approval. They first tried to reason with the Kaurava men.
But, the men of Duryodhana knew none superior to their king. They made fun of the Gandharvas and marched ahead. The Gandharvas stood firm blocking the Kaurava entry into their territory.
That led to skirmishes between the army of Duryodhana and the Gandharvas. Soon, it developed into a full blown war. The gandharvas were more than a match to the Kaurava army and those who escaped their wrath ran to Duryodhana to report the matter.
The proud Kaurava prince was angered by what he took to be an affront to his authority in his territory. He and his brothers rushed to the spot in their golden chariots with Karna and Sakuni to support. That brought Chitrasena into the scene. A fierce battle took place between the Kauravas and the Gandharvas. Karna had to flee from the scene unable to face the onslaught of the demons. Chitrasena, at the end, took Duryodhana and his brothers captive along with all the women in the group.
Pandavas for help
Some of Duryodhana’s ministers rushed to the Pandavas for help. Bhima was amused hearing about the misadventure of his arch rivals. He remarked that their work was made simple by the Gandharvas.
But, Yudhishthira thought otherwise. He said. “This is not the time for vengeance. They are, after all, our cousins. Besides, they have sought our help. It is the duty of a king to help those who took their refuge”. He asked his brothers to fight and get the release of the Kauravas.
Bhima and Arjuna could not disobey their brother. The two and their twin brothers drove to the scene riding the Kaurava chariots. The battle took a new turn with the valiant Pandavas facing the Gandharvas. Finally, it ended up being a dual between Arjuna and Chitrasena. None of the divine weapons of the Gandharva had any impact on the Pandava. The Gandharva, finally, had to accept defeat.
He spoke to Arjuna. “These evil Kauravas came to harm you. I was asked by Indra to help you by punishing your enemies. I am duty bound to take the Kauravas to the king of Gods. I fail to understand why you oppose me in this”. Arjuna told the Gandharva that he was merely following the command of his brother. The Gandharva could take the permission of Yudhishthira, if he wanted to take Duryodhana as prisoner.
But, Yudhishthira insisted that the Kauravas be released forthwith. Chitrasena did accordingly and took leave of the Pandavas.
Duryodhana ashamed
Duryodhana thanked the Pandavas profusely and returned to his camp with his brothers and supporters. But, his heart was sunk with shame. This was the worst that would have happened to the proud Kaurava.
We shall learn about his discomfiture in the next episode.
Sakuni happened to overhear the conversation. He thought of a plan that was sure to appeal to his nephew, Duryodhana. He took Karna into confidence and the two went to Duryodhana.
The joy of watching the enemies suffer
They spoke. “The Pandavas are currently in the Dwaita forest. Years of exile have reduced them into a pathetic condition. Why not pay them a visit and see for yourself how they live?”
What they hinted was that the Kauravas should go with a lot of fanfare and show off their wealth and luxurious life style to the Pandavas who were living like beggars. The idea found the immediate approval of the pompous Duryodhana. Nothing would boost his ego better than hurting the feelings of the Pandavas. But, he also knew that his father would turn the request down outright.
Karna thought of a way out. The Kauravas owned a lot of cattle which was looked after by cowherds in all parts of their vast kingdom. Why not plead to the king for a tour of inspection to the Dwaita forest and make sure that the cattle there were well looked after and properly accounted for?
Dhritarashtra could not refuse such a request. But, he warned his son. ”I understand that the Pandavas live in the Dwaita forest. Do not go anywhere near them at any cost”. Duryodhana agreed to that.
A march to show off
The Kauravas started in a big group. Most of the Kuru princes and their wives joined the party. Beautifully decorated chariots carried the princes and their spouses. Thousands of soldiers, armed for any eventuality, accompanied them. It was like the entire palace marching toward the forest.
The Kauravas made an appearance of inspecting their cattle first. Having done that, they got into their main business. The servants were asked to make beautiful shelters near the lake in the Dwaita forest. The Kauravas then started hunting in a big way in the forest.
Encounter with Gandharvas
That lake belonged to the demon (Gandharva) by name Chitrasena. The keepers of the lake objected to the entry of humans into their territory without approval. They first tried to reason with the Kaurava men.
But, the men of Duryodhana knew none superior to their king. They made fun of the Gandharvas and marched ahead. The Gandharvas stood firm blocking the Kaurava entry into their territory.
That led to skirmishes between the army of Duryodhana and the Gandharvas. Soon, it developed into a full blown war. The gandharvas were more than a match to the Kaurava army and those who escaped their wrath ran to Duryodhana to report the matter.
The proud Kaurava prince was angered by what he took to be an affront to his authority in his territory. He and his brothers rushed to the spot in their golden chariots with Karna and Sakuni to support. That brought Chitrasena into the scene. A fierce battle took place between the Kauravas and the Gandharvas. Karna had to flee from the scene unable to face the onslaught of the demons. Chitrasena, at the end, took Duryodhana and his brothers captive along with all the women in the group.
Pandavas for help
Some of Duryodhana’s ministers rushed to the Pandavas for help. Bhima was amused hearing about the misadventure of his arch rivals. He remarked that their work was made simple by the Gandharvas.
But, Yudhishthira thought otherwise. He said. “This is not the time for vengeance. They are, after all, our cousins. Besides, they have sought our help. It is the duty of a king to help those who took their refuge”. He asked his brothers to fight and get the release of the Kauravas.
Bhima and Arjuna could not disobey their brother. The two and their twin brothers drove to the scene riding the Kaurava chariots. The battle took a new turn with the valiant Pandavas facing the Gandharvas. Finally, it ended up being a dual between Arjuna and Chitrasena. None of the divine weapons of the Gandharva had any impact on the Pandava. The Gandharva, finally, had to accept defeat.
He spoke to Arjuna. “These evil Kauravas came to harm you. I was asked by Indra to help you by punishing your enemies. I am duty bound to take the Kauravas to the king of Gods. I fail to understand why you oppose me in this”. Arjuna told the Gandharva that he was merely following the command of his brother. The Gandharva could take the permission of Yudhishthira, if he wanted to take Duryodhana as prisoner.
But, Yudhishthira insisted that the Kauravas be released forthwith. Chitrasena did accordingly and took leave of the Pandavas.
Duryodhana ashamed
Duryodhana thanked the Pandavas profusely and returned to his camp with his brothers and supporters. But, his heart was sunk with shame. This was the worst that would have happened to the proud Kaurava.
We shall learn about his discomfiture in the next episode.
Wednesday, March 14, 2007
In the company of sage Markandeya
(One of the most famous sages is Markandeya, though not one among the seven most important. There are only a couple of cases where man attained immortality with god’s blessing. Markandeya was one of those. In fact, Lord Siva killed the god of death in order to protect Markandeya! One of the important epics is written by this sage)
The Pandavas soon moved out of the Dwaita forest and entered Kamyaka, where they had been earlier. Krishna joined them there with his wife, Satyabhama. It was at that time that sage Markandeya also paid them a visit.
As requested by the Pandavas, the sage talked at length about codes of ethics to be followed. He told them stories elucidating those principles. Some of the stories are very famous. It was in this context that sage Markandeya narrated the first incarnation of Vishnu as fish. The main purpose was to recover the Vedas stolen by a demonat the time of deluge. It is said that the fish also helped a canoe, with the seeds of all plants, to keep afloat .
The sage also explained the concept of time and its cycles (repetition of the four epochs, Krita, Treta, Dwapara and Kali). He also described the characteristics of people living in each of the epics. There is a gradual decay in moral ethics over the four epochs. At the end the sage predicted (quite startlingly and accurately) what the future would be in the Kali Yuga
(Some of the stories are fully in prose and others in a mixture of prose and poetry. The prose is a surprise in the middle of 100,000 stanzas of poetry!)
The long chapter titled “the discussion with Markandeya (Markandeya Samasya Parvam)” ends with a prayer on Lord Skanda (Kartikeya).
This is followed by a short chapter “the discussion between Draupadi and Sathyabhama (Draupadee Satyabhaamaa Samvaada Parvam)”. Krishna’s wife asked Draupadi how she managed to keep her five husbands happy. Draupdai’s reply, in short, was that she served her husbands selflessly, keeping their likes and dislikes in mind all the time.
Krishna left the Pandavas after this. So did sage, Markandeya.
The Pandavas soon moved out of the Dwaita forest and entered Kamyaka, where they had been earlier. Krishna joined them there with his wife, Satyabhama. It was at that time that sage Markandeya also paid them a visit.
As requested by the Pandavas, the sage talked at length about codes of ethics to be followed. He told them stories elucidating those principles. Some of the stories are very famous. It was in this context that sage Markandeya narrated the first incarnation of Vishnu as fish. The main purpose was to recover the Vedas stolen by a demonat the time of deluge. It is said that the fish also helped a canoe, with the seeds of all plants, to keep afloat .
The sage also explained the concept of time and its cycles (repetition of the four epochs, Krita, Treta, Dwapara and Kali). He also described the characteristics of people living in each of the epics. There is a gradual decay in moral ethics over the four epochs. At the end the sage predicted (quite startlingly and accurately) what the future would be in the Kali Yuga
(Some of the stories are fully in prose and others in a mixture of prose and poetry. The prose is a surprise in the middle of 100,000 stanzas of poetry!)
The long chapter titled “the discussion with Markandeya (Markandeya Samasya Parvam)” ends with a prayer on Lord Skanda (Kartikeya).
This is followed by a short chapter “the discussion between Draupadi and Sathyabhama (Draupadee Satyabhaamaa Samvaada Parvam)”. Krishna’s wife asked Draupadi how she managed to keep her five husbands happy. Draupdai’s reply, in short, was that she served her husbands selflessly, keeping their likes and dislikes in mind all the time.
Krishna left the Pandavas after this. So did sage, Markandeya.
Tuesday, March 13, 2007
Bhima and the python
The Pandavas had already completed ten years of their exile. Arjuna was back with the rest after his adventures in heaven.
The Pandavas, one day, had a discussion on their future strategy. Bhima and Arjuna were of the opinion that they needed to move away in preparation for their year of stay in disguise. They had already stayed too long in the Gandhamadana mountain ranges. The idea appealed to all. They decided to return to the Dwaita forest where they lived for a short while earlier.
One day Bhima went hunting all alone deep into the forest. Suddenly he was caught by a python. Bhima who had the combined strength of one thousand elephants was unable to free himself from the hold of the python. He was surprised. He asked the python who he was.
The python replied. “I was once the king of gods (Devendra). I mistreated sage Agastya who cursed me to become a python. When I asked for forgiveness, the sage said that I have to wait for someone to answer my questions satisfactorily. Then, I shall get back to my formal life”.
(Other Puranas give more details of the incident. Nahusha was an ordinary king and was made the king of gods temporarily. He was after the wife of the real Indra (Indrani) during that time. But, Indrani did not want to submit herself to the lust of Nahusha. So, she put a stiff condition. Nahusha should visit her carried by sages. Nahusha, enamoured by her beauty, agreed. The great sage, Agastya, was one among those who carried Nahusha He was short in stature and could not keep pace with the rest. So, Naahusha, out of impatience, kicked him and said “move, move! (Sarpa)”. Agastya was angered by the arrogance of Nahusha. The sage cursed Nahusha to become a python, that being another meaning of the word “Sarpa”).
Yudhishthira soon came looking for Bhima. He was also surprised finding the formidable Bhima lying helpless in the hold of a python. The python repeated his story to Yudhishthira and started asking a series of questions. The wise Yudhishthira answered them all correctly. At the end the python got its original form as king Nahusha. Bhima was saved. It was the turn of Nahusha to give valuable advices to the Pandavas before he disappeared from the scene.
This ends the “chapter on python (Ajagara Parvam)”.
The Pandavas, one day, had a discussion on their future strategy. Bhima and Arjuna were of the opinion that they needed to move away in preparation for their year of stay in disguise. They had already stayed too long in the Gandhamadana mountain ranges. The idea appealed to all. They decided to return to the Dwaita forest where they lived for a short while earlier.
One day Bhima went hunting all alone deep into the forest. Suddenly he was caught by a python. Bhima who had the combined strength of one thousand elephants was unable to free himself from the hold of the python. He was surprised. He asked the python who he was.
The python replied. “I was once the king of gods (Devendra). I mistreated sage Agastya who cursed me to become a python. When I asked for forgiveness, the sage said that I have to wait for someone to answer my questions satisfactorily. Then, I shall get back to my formal life”.
(Other Puranas give more details of the incident. Nahusha was an ordinary king and was made the king of gods temporarily. He was after the wife of the real Indra (Indrani) during that time. But, Indrani did not want to submit herself to the lust of Nahusha. So, she put a stiff condition. Nahusha should visit her carried by sages. Nahusha, enamoured by her beauty, agreed. The great sage, Agastya, was one among those who carried Nahusha He was short in stature and could not keep pace with the rest. So, Naahusha, out of impatience, kicked him and said “move, move! (Sarpa)”. Agastya was angered by the arrogance of Nahusha. The sage cursed Nahusha to become a python, that being another meaning of the word “Sarpa”).
Yudhishthira soon came looking for Bhima. He was also surprised finding the formidable Bhima lying helpless in the hold of a python. The python repeated his story to Yudhishthira and started asking a series of questions. The wise Yudhishthira answered them all correctly. At the end the python got its original form as king Nahusha. Bhima was saved. It was the turn of Nahusha to give valuable advices to the Pandavas before he disappeared from the scene.
This ends the “chapter on python (Ajagara Parvam)”.
Monday, March 12, 2007
The slaying of Jatasura and Maniman
(We have used the word demon for various groups. We should, henceforth, indicate the name of the group in bracket. Many are tribes living in the slopes of the Himalayas with special traits. For example, the Gandharvas love music. The Kinnaras are great dancers.
The word Asura only means non-god. Rakshasa, like Ravana of epic Ramayana, has a gigantic and terrifying form and eats human flesh. On the contrary, the Gandharva and Kinnara are supposed to be handsome and of gentle nature.They are all supposed to have god-like qualities. They could appear and disappear at will and create illusion.
Two adventure stories of the Pandavas that are relatively unimportant are briefly discussed in this episode. The first one is of an Asura who is more like a Rakshasa here.)
The Pandavas were living in the hermitage of Nara and Narayana. There was a demon (Rakshasa) by name Jata who was living disguised as a Brahmin with them. One day Bhima was away and so was Ghatotkaca. Sage Lomasa had gone for bath along with other Brahmins. Jatasura assumed his normal form at that time, grabbed the three Pandavas and Draupadi and started running.
Sahadeva, somehow, shook himself free and shouted for help. Bhima heard the noise and came running. He fought fiercely with the demon and killed him at the end. (The short chapter on slaying of Jatasura contains only this single story)
The slaying of Maniman
The Pandavas had already spent four years without Arjuna who had promised to return within five years. Hence, all were excited with the prospects of meeting Arjuna, soon. The Pandavas decided to spend the remaining days before Arjuna’s arrival at the hermitages of sage Vrushaparva and of Ashtishena further up the Himalaya. (There is a rather long, but, beautiful description of the mountain and the forest which covers its slopes, in this context). Ghatotkaca took leave of the Pandavas at the hermitage of Arshtishena, promising that he would come again when needed.
One day, Bhima moved alone climbing one of the tall peaks of the Himalayas. He wanted show off his skill and strength to all, especially, to Draupadi. He happened to reach near the palace of Kubera (the god of wealth). The demons (Yakshas) protecting the palace attacked Bhima from all sides. Undaunted, Bhima fought fiercely with them and killed many. The agitated Yakshas called their chief, Maniman, to the scene. A fierce battle ensued between Bhima and Maniman. The chief of Yaksha was killed as a result. This was reported to Kubera who rushed to the scene in an agitated mood.
Meanwhile, the other Pandavas heard shouts and angry exchange of words from up the mountain. Finding his younger brother missing, Yudhishthira rushed to the scene accompanied by his other brothers. He rebuked Bhima for his rash act.
It was at that very moment that the god of wealth made his appearance. The Pandavas were thrilled finding Kubera appearing in person and prostrated before him. Yudhishthira apologized to Kubera on behalf of his younger brother. The sight of the Pandavas, especially of Yudhishthira, cooled the temper of the god of wealth down. He was aware of their background. He also knew that Arjuna was up in heaven for the cause of the gods.
He blessed the Pandavas and assured them that he took no offence. The Yakshas in his army, particularly Maniman, had insulted sage Agastya once upon a time. The sage was enraged and had cursed Maniman that he would meet his death at the hands of humans. Hence, Kubera thought that the Pandavas were merely an instrument making the curse of the sage true. With those words, the god of wealth disappeared from the scene.
Soon, Arjuna returned and came to the place where the Pandavas stayed. Draupadi and the other Pandavas were thrilled meeting him after the long lapse. All were eager to hear about Arjuna’s adventures and achievements in detail. It was in this context that Arjuna told them of the slaying of Nivata Kavaca and Kalakeyas. (We have covered that story earlier).
With this Vyasa completes the chapters, “fight with Yakshas (Yaksha Yuddha Parvam)” and “killing of Nivata Kavaca (Nivata Kavaca Vadha Parvam)”
The word Asura only means non-god. Rakshasa, like Ravana of epic Ramayana, has a gigantic and terrifying form and eats human flesh. On the contrary, the Gandharva and Kinnara are supposed to be handsome and of gentle nature.They are all supposed to have god-like qualities. They could appear and disappear at will and create illusion.
Two adventure stories of the Pandavas that are relatively unimportant are briefly discussed in this episode. The first one is of an Asura who is more like a Rakshasa here.)
The Pandavas were living in the hermitage of Nara and Narayana. There was a demon (Rakshasa) by name Jata who was living disguised as a Brahmin with them. One day Bhima was away and so was Ghatotkaca. Sage Lomasa had gone for bath along with other Brahmins. Jatasura assumed his normal form at that time, grabbed the three Pandavas and Draupadi and started running.
Sahadeva, somehow, shook himself free and shouted for help. Bhima heard the noise and came running. He fought fiercely with the demon and killed him at the end. (The short chapter on slaying of Jatasura contains only this single story)
The slaying of Maniman
The Pandavas had already spent four years without Arjuna who had promised to return within five years. Hence, all were excited with the prospects of meeting Arjuna, soon. The Pandavas decided to spend the remaining days before Arjuna’s arrival at the hermitages of sage Vrushaparva and of Ashtishena further up the Himalaya. (There is a rather long, but, beautiful description of the mountain and the forest which covers its slopes, in this context). Ghatotkaca took leave of the Pandavas at the hermitage of Arshtishena, promising that he would come again when needed.
One day, Bhima moved alone climbing one of the tall peaks of the Himalayas. He wanted show off his skill and strength to all, especially, to Draupadi. He happened to reach near the palace of Kubera (the god of wealth). The demons (Yakshas) protecting the palace attacked Bhima from all sides. Undaunted, Bhima fought fiercely with them and killed many. The agitated Yakshas called their chief, Maniman, to the scene. A fierce battle ensued between Bhima and Maniman. The chief of Yaksha was killed as a result. This was reported to Kubera who rushed to the scene in an agitated mood.
Meanwhile, the other Pandavas heard shouts and angry exchange of words from up the mountain. Finding his younger brother missing, Yudhishthira rushed to the scene accompanied by his other brothers. He rebuked Bhima for his rash act.
It was at that very moment that the god of wealth made his appearance. The Pandavas were thrilled finding Kubera appearing in person and prostrated before him. Yudhishthira apologized to Kubera on behalf of his younger brother. The sight of the Pandavas, especially of Yudhishthira, cooled the temper of the god of wealth down. He was aware of their background. He also knew that Arjuna was up in heaven for the cause of the gods.
He blessed the Pandavas and assured them that he took no offence. The Yakshas in his army, particularly Maniman, had insulted sage Agastya once upon a time. The sage was enraged and had cursed Maniman that he would meet his death at the hands of humans. Hence, Kubera thought that the Pandavas were merely an instrument making the curse of the sage true. With those words, the god of wealth disappeared from the scene.
Soon, Arjuna returned and came to the place where the Pandavas stayed. Draupadi and the other Pandavas were thrilled meeting him after the long lapse. All were eager to hear about Arjuna’s adventures and achievements in detail. It was in this context that Arjuna told them of the slaying of Nivata Kavaca and Kalakeyas. (We have covered that story earlier).
With this Vyasa completes the chapters, “fight with Yakshas (Yaksha Yuddha Parvam)” and “killing of Nivata Kavaca (Nivata Kavaca Vadha Parvam)”
Sunday, March 11, 2007
Bhima continued climbing the slopes of the Himalayas. Soon, he found a garden in an enclosure. The fragrance surely came from there. The garden was protected by an army of demons. The Pandava did not bother and went right into the garden. Bhima found a lake with so many of the Saugandhika flowers growing in it. He was about to enter into the lake.
It was only then that the sentries noticed the Pandava. They blocked his way and said. “Who are you to come here without permission? This garden and lake are the property of the god of wealth (Kubera). He has appointed us to guard this place with special instruction not to let any one in. Even gods take his permission before getting in. This is beyond the reach of humans. You better return the way you came”.
Bhima said. “I am Bhima the Pandava, and the younger brother of Yudhishthira. I came looking for these flowers for my wife, Draupadi. I find this garden in the middle of wilderness. The stream flowing down the Himalayas feed into this lake. I do not see how your master stakes his claim on this place. To me, this is very much a public place.”
The guards were taken aback by the bold reply, but, maintained a stern stand. “If you are that desperate, then, better take the permission of Kubera”.
Bhima replied. “I am of royal birth. Begging for favours is not in our code of conduct. I take what I want. You do what you like”.
So, saying, Bhima tried to entere into the lake. The demons were enraged by this rebuff. They attacked the Pandava from all sides with arrows and other weapons. Bhima jumped into their midst swinging his formidable club. For the mighty Bhima, this was more like a nuisance than a real challenge. The demons found the Pandava more than a match for their combined might and took flight to report the matter to the god of wealth.
Yudhishthira traces Bhima
Meanwhile, Yudhishthira observed some ill omens. He was not aware of Bhima’s disappearance. It was then that Draupadi told him about Bhima’s mission at her request. The Pandava king was worried. May be that his younger brother would act rashly and invite the wrath of gods up the Himalayas. So, he asked Ghatotkaca to take them all in search of Bhima.
It was easy for the party to follow the path taken by the mighty Bhima. Huge trees remained uprooted and a clearance in the middle of thick forest showed the way Bhima moved. Soon, they reached the lake where Bhima was busy collecting a bounty of the Saugandhika flowers. By then, the demons had all been chased away by Bhima.
Yudhishthira warned his brother against rash adventures in the realm of the gods.
While the Pandavas were talking, the demons returned with good news. The god of wealth had given permission to the Pandava to take as many flowers as he pleased. A confrontation was averted.
To the hermitage of Nara and Narayana
The Pandavas stayed in the garden of Kubera for a few days with the permission from the god of wealth. Yudhishthira was interested to go further up the mountain to the palace of the god of wealth. But, sage Lomasa prevented him saying that the path was too difficult for them to try. Instead he showed the way to the pilgrimage centre called Badari. (This is a popular destination of pilgrims even today). Two of the earliest sages, Nara and Narayana, had spent most of their life doing penance there. (One school of thought maintains that Nara took birth as Arjuna and Narayana as Krishna).
Vyasa ends “the chapter of Pilgrimage (Teertha Yaatraa Parvam)” here. (We are yet to cover some of the stories in it).
It was only then that the sentries noticed the Pandava. They blocked his way and said. “Who are you to come here without permission? This garden and lake are the property of the god of wealth (Kubera). He has appointed us to guard this place with special instruction not to let any one in. Even gods take his permission before getting in. This is beyond the reach of humans. You better return the way you came”.
Bhima said. “I am Bhima the Pandava, and the younger brother of Yudhishthira. I came looking for these flowers for my wife, Draupadi. I find this garden in the middle of wilderness. The stream flowing down the Himalayas feed into this lake. I do not see how your master stakes his claim on this place. To me, this is very much a public place.”
The guards were taken aback by the bold reply, but, maintained a stern stand. “If you are that desperate, then, better take the permission of Kubera”.
Bhima replied. “I am of royal birth. Begging for favours is not in our code of conduct. I take what I want. You do what you like”.
So, saying, Bhima tried to entere into the lake. The demons were enraged by this rebuff. They attacked the Pandava from all sides with arrows and other weapons. Bhima jumped into their midst swinging his formidable club. For the mighty Bhima, this was more like a nuisance than a real challenge. The demons found the Pandava more than a match for their combined might and took flight to report the matter to the god of wealth.
Yudhishthira traces Bhima
Meanwhile, Yudhishthira observed some ill omens. He was not aware of Bhima’s disappearance. It was then that Draupadi told him about Bhima’s mission at her request. The Pandava king was worried. May be that his younger brother would act rashly and invite the wrath of gods up the Himalayas. So, he asked Ghatotkaca to take them all in search of Bhima.
It was easy for the party to follow the path taken by the mighty Bhima. Huge trees remained uprooted and a clearance in the middle of thick forest showed the way Bhima moved. Soon, they reached the lake where Bhima was busy collecting a bounty of the Saugandhika flowers. By then, the demons had all been chased away by Bhima.
Yudhishthira warned his brother against rash adventures in the realm of the gods.
While the Pandavas were talking, the demons returned with good news. The god of wealth had given permission to the Pandava to take as many flowers as he pleased. A confrontation was averted.
To the hermitage of Nara and Narayana
The Pandavas stayed in the garden of Kubera for a few days with the permission from the god of wealth. Yudhishthira was interested to go further up the mountain to the palace of the god of wealth. But, sage Lomasa prevented him saying that the path was too difficult for them to try. Instead he showed the way to the pilgrimage centre called Badari. (This is a popular destination of pilgrims even today). Two of the earliest sages, Nara and Narayana, had spent most of their life doing penance there. (One school of thought maintains that Nara took birth as Arjuna and Narayana as Krishna).
Vyasa ends “the chapter of Pilgrimage (Teertha Yaatraa Parvam)” here. (We are yet to cover some of the stories in it).
Saturday, March 10, 2007
Bhima's adventure
(This chapter on the pilgrimage of Pandavas has a few more stories, of Mandhata, Jantu, Useenara, Ashtaavakra and, Yavakrita and of Vishnu’s incarnation as Varaha (a boar). Let us leave them aside for the time being and make some progress with the main story. The idea is to run them in parallel in kunjunny.blogspot as and when time permits. This approach has one drawback. The side stories may fall way behind. But, let us see how it goes.
One adventure in this episode, of Bhima bringing the Saugandhika flowers, has inspired many plots in traditional art forms such as Kathakali.)
We left the Pandavas after their meeting with the Yadavas in Prabhasa. Yudhishthira had turned down the suggestion of immediate war on Kauravas. They, soon, left the Prabhasa and moved on crossing the rivers Yamuna and Saraswati towards the North. They saw Mount Kailasa in front. The Pandavas wanted to climb the peak, but, sage Lomasa discouraged them saying that it was beyond them.
Further on, the group lead by Lomasa saw the mountain named Gandhamadana. By then, most of them were too exhausted to climb up the mountain. Bhima offered to carry all on his shoulders. But, the Pandava, in spite of his super human strength, was himself exhausted after a while. He, then, remembered Ghatokaca who was born to him in the demon Hidimbi. Ghatokkaca had promised Bhima that he would appear before his father the moment Bhima thought about him. The Pandava decided to get help from his mighty son for trekking up the mountain slopes. Ghatotkaca appeared before the Pandavas as soon as he sensed that he was wanted. Bhima asked the giant to carry the rest of the team. He would manage to climb the mountain on his own.
They soon entered a forest full of banana plants (Kadalee Vanam).The Pandavas refreshed themselves looking at the beauty of the forest. It had a variety of exotic plants bearing beautiful flowers. The whole place was filled with a special fragrance. None of them had smelt anything like that before. Soon, Draupadi spotted a flower that was blown by wind from which emanated the unique fragrance. It was given the name, Saugandhika, because of its special fragrance. Draupadi was enchanted and requested Bhima to look for more of those.
In search of the Saugandhika flowers
Bhima was delighted that he got a chance to please his beloved wife. He looked all over the forest, but, could not find any. So, he asked his son to take care of the group and moved forward keeping track of the special smell.
The Pandava was in an ebullient mood and wanted to show off his strength. He uprooted huge trees and shouted aloud making tremors through the whole forest for no reason. Wild animals, even the lions and elephants, ran away in fright.
Then he found an old monkey, huge in size, blocking his way. It was lying across his path, apparently in exhausted sleep. The big noise made the monkey open its eyes. It spoke. “I have been sleeping peacefully as I was tired. What business did you have to wake me up? Anyway, the path up this hill is beyond the reach of humans. Why don’t you go back and leave me in peace?”
Bhima replied. “I am Bhima, the Pandava. I am looking for some special flowers up this mountain. I fear nothing and will not let anything blocking my path. You are in my way. You better move off.”
The monkey replied. “I am too old and weak to get up. If you insist on moving forth, you better jump over me”.
Bhima said. “I cannot do that out of respect for my elder brother, Hanuman. So, I insist that you give me way.”
Then, the monkey suggested a solution. “If you do not want to jump over me, then, why don’t you make way by pushing my tail aside?”
Bhima thought that to be a good idea. He caught hold of the tail with his left hand and tried to push it aside as though that was the easiest thing that he ever did. But, the tail appeared to be heavier that what Bhima thought. So, he used both hands and tried. It did not seem to make much difference. Bhima was embarrassed and used all his strength. Soon, sweat started flowing down his body. However hard Bhima tried, he could not move the tail of the monkey even by an inch.
That was a big blow for the morale of the Pandava. He could lift several elephants in one go with ease. He had fought and killed a large number of demons of formidable nature. But, with all his strength he could not move the old monkey’s tail even a bit!
Bhima bowed before the mighty monkey and asked him. “Tell me who you are. You are no ordinary monkey. Are you a god in disguise? I did not realize how great you are. Please pardon me for my rudeness”.
Then, the monkey replied. “I am your brother, Hanuman. It was necessary for you to have deep humility to go further up from here. Otherwise, you would draw the wrath of gods. That is why I tested you.”
The two, then, locked themselves in an affectionate embrace. This was their first meeting. The gentle caresses of Hanuman restored the strength in Bhima.
Hanuman, then, told his story and the part he played in Ramayan in brief on Bhima’s request. (It is narrated in more detail by sage Markandeya further on). Hanuman also gave several valuable advices to Bhima. He promised to appear on the flag mast of Arjuna’s chariot in the war ahead and disappeared from the scene.
We complete Bhima’s adventure in search of the flowers in the next episode.
(Note. The guardian deity of air, Vayu, was Hanuman’s father. So was he of Bhima. The story of Ramayana took place in the second epoch, Treta Yuga, thousands of years before the birth of Bhima. In this sense, Hanuman was the elder brother of the Pandava)
One adventure in this episode, of Bhima bringing the Saugandhika flowers, has inspired many plots in traditional art forms such as Kathakali.)
We left the Pandavas after their meeting with the Yadavas in Prabhasa. Yudhishthira had turned down the suggestion of immediate war on Kauravas. They, soon, left the Prabhasa and moved on crossing the rivers Yamuna and Saraswati towards the North. They saw Mount Kailasa in front. The Pandavas wanted to climb the peak, but, sage Lomasa discouraged them saying that it was beyond them.
Further on, the group lead by Lomasa saw the mountain named Gandhamadana. By then, most of them were too exhausted to climb up the mountain. Bhima offered to carry all on his shoulders. But, the Pandava, in spite of his super human strength, was himself exhausted after a while. He, then, remembered Ghatokaca who was born to him in the demon Hidimbi. Ghatokkaca had promised Bhima that he would appear before his father the moment Bhima thought about him. The Pandava decided to get help from his mighty son for trekking up the mountain slopes. Ghatotkaca appeared before the Pandavas as soon as he sensed that he was wanted. Bhima asked the giant to carry the rest of the team. He would manage to climb the mountain on his own.
They soon entered a forest full of banana plants (Kadalee Vanam).The Pandavas refreshed themselves looking at the beauty of the forest. It had a variety of exotic plants bearing beautiful flowers. The whole place was filled with a special fragrance. None of them had smelt anything like that before. Soon, Draupadi spotted a flower that was blown by wind from which emanated the unique fragrance. It was given the name, Saugandhika, because of its special fragrance. Draupadi was enchanted and requested Bhima to look for more of those.
In search of the Saugandhika flowers
Bhima was delighted that he got a chance to please his beloved wife. He looked all over the forest, but, could not find any. So, he asked his son to take care of the group and moved forward keeping track of the special smell.
The Pandava was in an ebullient mood and wanted to show off his strength. He uprooted huge trees and shouted aloud making tremors through the whole forest for no reason. Wild animals, even the lions and elephants, ran away in fright.
Then he found an old monkey, huge in size, blocking his way. It was lying across his path, apparently in exhausted sleep. The big noise made the monkey open its eyes. It spoke. “I have been sleeping peacefully as I was tired. What business did you have to wake me up? Anyway, the path up this hill is beyond the reach of humans. Why don’t you go back and leave me in peace?”
Bhima replied. “I am Bhima, the Pandava. I am looking for some special flowers up this mountain. I fear nothing and will not let anything blocking my path. You are in my way. You better move off.”
The monkey replied. “I am too old and weak to get up. If you insist on moving forth, you better jump over me”.
Bhima said. “I cannot do that out of respect for my elder brother, Hanuman. So, I insist that you give me way.”
Then, the monkey suggested a solution. “If you do not want to jump over me, then, why don’t you make way by pushing my tail aside?”
Bhima thought that to be a good idea. He caught hold of the tail with his left hand and tried to push it aside as though that was the easiest thing that he ever did. But, the tail appeared to be heavier that what Bhima thought. So, he used both hands and tried. It did not seem to make much difference. Bhima was embarrassed and used all his strength. Soon, sweat started flowing down his body. However hard Bhima tried, he could not move the tail of the monkey even by an inch.
That was a big blow for the morale of the Pandava. He could lift several elephants in one go with ease. He had fought and killed a large number of demons of formidable nature. But, with all his strength he could not move the old monkey’s tail even a bit!
Bhima bowed before the mighty monkey and asked him. “Tell me who you are. You are no ordinary monkey. Are you a god in disguise? I did not realize how great you are. Please pardon me for my rudeness”.
Then, the monkey replied. “I am your brother, Hanuman. It was necessary for you to have deep humility to go further up from here. Otherwise, you would draw the wrath of gods. That is why I tested you.”
The two, then, locked themselves in an affectionate embrace. This was their first meeting. The gentle caresses of Hanuman restored the strength in Bhima.
Hanuman, then, told his story and the part he played in Ramayan in brief on Bhima’s request. (It is narrated in more detail by sage Markandeya further on). Hanuman also gave several valuable advices to Bhima. He promised to appear on the flag mast of Arjuna’s chariot in the war ahead and disappeared from the scene.
We complete Bhima’s adventure in search of the flowers in the next episode.
(Note. The guardian deity of air, Vayu, was Hanuman’s father. So was he of Bhima. The story of Ramayana took place in the second epoch, Treta Yuga, thousands of years before the birth of Bhima. In this sense, Hanuman was the elder brother of the Pandava)
Wednesday, March 7, 2007
Pandavas meet Krishna
The Pandavas passed through various pilgrimage centres and reached Prabhasa, a holy bathing place, at the western sea shore. They decided to spend time doing penance there. Krishna and Balarama heard about the Pandavas staying close to their land. They went to meet Yudhishthira and his brothers, in the company of other Yadava chiefs.
It was a happy re-union of two families which were close to each other. After exchanging greetings, Balarama spoke. He wondered why the blameless Pandavas should suffer wandering in forests while the evil Kauravas enjoy life in luxury.
One noted Yadava chief who accompanied Krishna was Satyaki. He was a close friend of Krishna and Arjuna. He was one of the most skilled and valorous among all the heroes of the Mahabharata war. There are a number of famous battles to his credit.
Satyaki reacted to Balarama’s words saying that there was no point in talking about the past. What was required was action. The five Pandavas supported by the valiant Yadavas were more than a match for the entire Kaurava army. He strongly pressed Yudhishthira to agree to face Duryodhana in an open war. Krishna also supported Satyaki.
But, Yudhishthira stuck to his stand. He was bound by his word to complete thirteen years in the forest. He would never swerve from his oath which was his motto (Dharma). He requested the Yadavas to wait for some more time and then come to his aid at the right moment.
With these words Yudhishthira saw Krishna and other Yadavas off to Dwaraka, their capital city. The Pandavas, then, continued with their journey.
We have an important story of princess Sukanya as told by Lomasa in www.kunjunny.blogspot.com
It was a happy re-union of two families which were close to each other. After exchanging greetings, Balarama spoke. He wondered why the blameless Pandavas should suffer wandering in forests while the evil Kauravas enjoy life in luxury.
One noted Yadava chief who accompanied Krishna was Satyaki. He was a close friend of Krishna and Arjuna. He was one of the most skilled and valorous among all the heroes of the Mahabharata war. There are a number of famous battles to his credit.
Satyaki reacted to Balarama’s words saying that there was no point in talking about the past. What was required was action. The five Pandavas supported by the valiant Yadavas were more than a match for the entire Kaurava army. He strongly pressed Yudhishthira to agree to face Duryodhana in an open war. Krishna also supported Satyaki.
But, Yudhishthira stuck to his stand. He was bound by his word to complete thirteen years in the forest. He would never swerve from his oath which was his motto (Dharma). He requested the Yadavas to wait for some more time and then come to his aid at the right moment.
With these words Yudhishthira saw Krishna and other Yadavas off to Dwaraka, their capital city. The Pandavas, then, continued with their journey.
We have an important story of princess Sukanya as told by Lomasa in www.kunjunny.blogspot.com
Tuesday, March 6, 2007
The Pandavas reach the Mahendra mountain
The Pandavas left the hermitage of Kasyapa and, travelling along the Ganga, reached the land of Kalinga by the sea shore. Sage Lomasa continued telling the Pandavas the importance of each place they passed through. The sage, next, took Yudhishthira and his brothers to the mountain with the name, Mahendra. The Pandavas met a sage by name Akrutavrana who was a disciple of the great sage, Parasurama. It is believed that Parasurama, son of Jamadagni, was immortal and appeared before meditating sages once every fortnight at that place.
From the description in the Mahabharata we infer that the Pandavas first travelled east and reached Kalinga which is the present day Orissa. They must have travelled westward from there to reach the river Narmada (in present day Gujarat) where Jamadagni had his hermitage.
Yudhishthira wanted to hear the famous story of Parasurama from his direct disciple, Akrutavrana. We go through the story as told by the sage, in www.kunjunny.blogspot.com
From the description in the Mahabharata we infer that the Pandavas first travelled east and reached Kalinga which is the present day Orissa. They must have travelled westward from there to reach the river Narmada (in present day Gujarat) where Jamadagni had his hermitage.
Yudhishthira wanted to hear the famous story of Parasurama from his direct disciple, Akrutavrana. We go through the story as told by the sage, in www.kunjunny.blogspot.com
Monday, March 5, 2007
Pandavas pass by the hermitage of Kasyapa
Sage Lomasa lead the Pandavas through various holy places and reached near the peak of Himalayas where sage Rshabha had performed severe penance for a very log time. The sage was so keen to have complete seclusion for his penance that he demanded the peak to shower rocks from its top to anyone who ventured nearby. He also warned the wind not to make any noise. It is said that no human being had set foot near the Rshabha peak from that time. One could still see signs of great Yajnas performed by the ascetic.
The Pandavas lead by Lomasa continued the journey through the hermitage of sage Viswamitra and reached that of sage Kasyapa. Lomasa, then, narrated the story of Rsyasrunga to the eager ears of the Pandavas. (refer to www.kunjunny.blogspot.com
The Pandavas lead by Lomasa continued the journey through the hermitage of sage Viswamitra and reached that of sage Kasyapa. Lomasa, then, narrated the story of Rsyasrunga to the eager ears of the Pandavas. (refer to www.kunjunny.blogspot.com
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